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Built in 1913 for the Seaboard Airline Railway
(SAL), this type of car was often referred to as a "combine." This
car was operated over the entire Seaboard system. Numbered the "259,"
it was routinely found in service during 1956 and 1957, between Tampa
and Venice, Florida, providing connecting service to the SAL New
York-Tampa/St. Petersburg streamliner, "The Silver Star." In 1959,
the 259 was retired from service and donated to the Gold Coast
Railroad Museum and has now been restored after being damaged by
Hurricane Andrew.
This car is unique in that it is one of the few
remaining examples of a "Jim Crow" car. In the segregated South, the
SAL was mandated by law to provide "separate but equal" facilities.
The coach section of the car is divided into two, identical sections;
one for white patrons and one for blacks. A small, "flip-over" sign,
mounted on either side of the bulkhead separating the two sections,
reads "WHITE" and "COLORED." In the convoluted thinking of the times,
this sign made the accommodations of the car suitable for white
passengers. Few realized that at the end of a run, the car was not
turned around; only the signs were flipped over. The seats that were
"good enough for blacks" now became perfectly acceptable for
whites.
The baggage compartment is located at one end of
the car with a sliding door on each side. Typically, the car's
location in a consist was to the rear of the locomotive/tender or
rearward of the last baggage car, as there was no provision for
passengers to walk through the baggage area of the car. The baggage
area is relatively small, as it was generally used only for the
baggage of the "Colored passengers" or for the few items moved
between stations on lightly traveled routes.
The term "Jim Crow" comes from a series of laws
that enforced racial segregation in the Southern U.S. between the end
of the Reconstruction Period (1877) and the beginning of a strong
civil rights movement (approximately 1950.) "Jim Crow" was the name
of a minstrel routine (actually "Jump Jim Crow") performed by its
author, Thomas Dartmouth ("Daddy") Rice, as well as many imitators,
beginning about 1828. The term "Jim Crow" came to be a derogatory
epithet for Negroes and a proper noun designating their segregated
life.
By the end of the 1870's, Southern state
legislatures passed laws requiring the segregation of whites from
"persons of color" in public transportation facilities as well as
almost all other types of public accommodations. In 1954, the U.S.
Supreme Court declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional
and in later decisions, ruled similarly on other types of "Jim Crow"
legislation.
Details
Type: Combine (Combination) Baggage/Coach.
Built: 1913.
Status: Open, On display.
Acquisition Date: Donated by SAL In 1959.
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